Большое спасибо! Acrosser would dedicate its warmest gratitude to TAITRA and participants at the Moscow International Motor Show 2013(MIMS)! Our winning product AR-V6100FL not only earned the spotlight, but also good feedback comments from our industry partners. Hopefully we will see you soon next year!
欣扬的全功能博弈主机整合各式游戏机台(包括赌场博弈、老虎机、乐透彩机、柏青哥等)所需要的功能,包括游戏 I/O 控制器、cc-Talk 与入侵记录器。凭借着软件开发和市场经验丰富的工程师,不论是游戏机板卡或是全功能博弈用主机,欣扬都能设计出符合市场需求的博弈相关产品。欣扬的设计符合COMMA 6a+和GLI-11等博弈游戏规范,为我们的客户在任何时候提供进入市场的一个完整的解决方案。更与博弈游戏客户共同合作,运用最新的博弈游戏计算机技术,协助客户缩短研发时程,占得市场先机!我们同时也服务业者进行ODM/OEM专案定制销售,透过使用最新的博弈电玩科技,欣扬总能提供不仅成本经济,更缩短研发日程得最佳的博弈平台解决方案
2013年10月1日 星期二
2013年9月9日 星期一
Fanless Mini-ITX mainboard with Intel Atom Processor “Cedar Trial” D2550
Acrosser Technology Co. Ltd, a global professional industrial and embedded computer provider, announces the new Mini-ITX mainboard, AMB-D255T3, which carries the Intel dual- core 1.86GHz Atom Processor D2550. AMB-D255T3 features onboard graphics via VGA and HDMI, DDR3 SO-DIMM support, PCI slot, mSATA socket with SATA & USB signals, and ATX connector for easy power in. AMB-D255T3 also provides complete I/O such as 6 x COM ports, 6 x USB2.0 ports, 2 x GbE RJ-45 ports, and 2 x SATA port.
AMB-D255T3 can support dual displays via VGA, HDMI or 18-bit LVDS. AMB-D255T3 has one MiniPCIe type slot and one PCI for customer’s expansion. The MiniPCIe slot works with SATA and USB signals that can be equipped with mSATA storage module.
AMB-D255T3 is certainly an excellent solution for applications that require powerful computing while still maintaining low-power consumption in a small form factor motherboard and has a complete set of I/O functions. Users can deploy the system solution with this fan-less mainboard easily. Ideally, it is a fast time-to-market weapon for system integrators.
AMB-D255T3 can support dual displays via VGA, HDMI or 18-bit LVDS. AMB-D255T3 has one MiniPCIe type slot and one PCI for customer’s expansion. The MiniPCIe slot works with SATA and USB signals that can be equipped with mSATA storage module.
AMB-D255T3 is certainly an excellent solution for applications that require powerful computing while still maintaining low-power consumption in a small form factor motherboard and has a complete set of I/O functions. Users can deploy the system solution with this fan-less mainboard easily. Ideally, it is a fast time-to-market weapon for system integrators.
Key features:
‧ Intel Atom D2550 1.86GHz
‧ 1 x DDR3 SO-DIMM up to 4GB
‧ 1 x VGA
‧ 1 x HDMI
‧ 1 x 18-bit LVDS
‧ 6 x USB2.0
‧ 6 x COM
‧ 2 x GbE (Realtek RTL8111E)
‧ 1 x PS/2
‧ 1 x KB/MS
‧ 1 x MiniPCIe slot
‧ 1 x PCI slot
‧ 2 x SATA ll
‧ 8-bit GPIO
Product Information:‧ Intel Atom D2550 1.86GHz
‧ 1 x DDR3 SO-DIMM up to 4GB
‧ 1 x VGA
‧ 1 x HDMI
‧ 1 x 18-bit LVDS
‧ 6 x USB2.0
‧ 6 x COM
‧ 2 x GbE (Realtek RTL8111E)
‧ 1 x PS/2
‧ 1 x KB/MS
‧ 1 x MiniPCIe slot
‧ 1 x PCI slot
‧ 2 x SATA ll
‧ 8-bit GPIO
http://www.acrosser.com/Products/Single-Board-Computer/Mini-ITX-&-others/AMB-D255T3 (Mini-ITX-)/Intel-Atom-D2550-AMB-D255T3-(Mini-ITX)-.html
Contact us:
http://www.acrosser.com/inquiry.html
2013年8月19日 星期一
Acrosser's in-vehicle pc will showcase in Moscow MIMS!
The efficiency of heat dissipation also contributes to its high performance under rugged automotive environments. Another fascinating feature of AR-V6100FL is its smart power management function. Acrosser built a comprehensive power management subsystem solution, allowing users to select the best setting for the power management mode to meet specific application demands.
As for the show, Moscow International Motor Show 2013(MIMS) is regarded highly in the automotive industry in Russia. Last year, the exhibitors consisted of 1,379 companies from 35 countries and 15,717 guests from 52 countries participated in this event. 99.6% of visitors were industry professionals. With its specific geographic location, MIMS is truly a trans-lateral gateway for automotive businesses. If you are looking for Acrosser’s products or other innovative automotive components from Taiwan, do not miss the Taiwan Pavilion (Pavilion 8 Hall 3, booth number: R111) this year!
http://www.acrosser.com/News-Newsletter/61.html
2013年8月6日 星期二
OEM updates for technology
OEMs can now add the embedded computer parallel processing power of the AMD Radeon 6310 GPU to their applications. By doing this, it's possible to add supercomputer-like performance to small-form-factor embedded designs and obtain a previously embedded computer performance-per-watt ratio. Additionally, with the support for OpenCL 1.1 and Microsoft DirectCompute, parallel processing executed by the graphics core will speed up vector processing applications such as situational awareness and video surveillance in the industrial automation, military and medical markets.
refer to: http://embedded-computing.com/white-papers/white-small-form-factor-sff-designs-2/
2013年7月30日 星期二
3 Power management features from Acrosser Technology

Feature 1: User-friendly Interface
Acrosser’s in-vehicle computer adopts user-friendly interface, allowing vehicle drivers to easily define its own power management according to their special needs. For instance, different industries may have little in common when setting its power delay time or on/off control mode. Resetting the default in-vehicle computer may take a long time, but that would not be the case if you are using a user-friendly interface.
Feature 2: Status LED
Most of the In-Vehicle computers are not equipped with displays, making them difficult for users to act when error occurs. Installed with status LED, Acrosser’s In-Vehicle computer precisely reflects its status quo to its user.
Feature 3: Power Delay Control
In case of zero power supply occurring after switching off the vehicle ignition, Acrosser’s “power delay control” function enables the In-vehicle computer can still operate for a short period after switching off. Therefore, the user may upload or synchronize data with control center and complete the task.
ACROSSER Technology has provided a complete product line for In-Vehicle computers. The product line also gained more attention after winning the 21th Taiwan Excellence Award with 2 outstanding In-Vehicle computers: AR-V6005FL and AR-V6100FL. Acrosser also released its latest in-vehicle computer, AIV-HM76V0FL during late 2012. The company pride itself in offering not just products, but solutions. Please contact ACROSSER Technology for further consultations, volume quotes, or any other questions.
Product Information:
AIV-HM76V0FL
AR-V6005FL
AR-V6100FL
Award Information:
Contact us:
2013年7月17日 星期三
Diverse applications for 2 Mini-ITX industrial mainboard
ACROSSER Technology, a world-leading embedded system manufacturer, is proud to introduce its 2 Mini-ITX mainboards, AMB-D255T1 and AMB-QM77T1. Both products feature low-power consumption and outstanding system stability, making them suitable for system integration for multiple industrial uses. ACROSSER Technology has seen many successful business stories within the embedded computing industry; such as working closely with clients, and from system integrators to solution suppliers.
With a total board height less than 20mm, the slim fit feature of AMB-D255T1 makes it a perfect application almost everywhere. With single layer I/O ports and external +12V DC power input, AMB-D255T1 can easily be equipped even in limited spaces like digital signage, POS or thin client systems. Also, the supporting video source includes both VGA and HDMI outputs to cater to a variety of needs. Many digital signage partners have showed great interests toward AMB-D255T1 for their business sector. AMB-D255T1 has one DDR3 SO-DIMM which supports up to 4GB DDR3 memory, mSATA socket with USB signals and SIM slot, and a DC jack for easy power in. For customers that are taking their entire system to the next level, AMB-D255T1 provides one PCI slot and one Mini PCIe expansion slot with a SIM card socket for further improvement. The mini PCIe expansion allows mSATA to function together with the system or multi module choices for USB signals module installation.( mSATA storage, Wi-Fi module, or 3G/4G telecommunication)
2013年6月25日 星期二
One fascinating feature of AIV-HM76V0FL
ACROSSER Technology, a world-leading In-Vehicle Computer designer and manufacturer, is pleased to introduce its latest In-Vehicle computer product, the AIV-HM76V0FL. The AIV-HM76V0FL is built for handling rugged environments. To showcase its high performance, we have created a small experiment to prove its durability in difficult situations.
One fascinating feature of AIV-HM76V0FL is its ability to support HDMI video output. This outstanding feature would satisfy those seeking for high-quality video outputs. AIV-HM76V0FL is an outstanding In-Vehicle solution for anything ranging from commercial to security issues. We have seen our clients using them on digital signage display and security IP surveillance cameras. The two key factors that allow for such high-performance graphic processing are the Intel HM76 mobile chipset and FCPGA 988 socket for 3rd generation Core i mobile computer platform.
One fascinating feature of AIV-HM76V0FL is its ability to support HDMI video output. This outstanding feature would satisfy those seeking for high-quality video outputs. AIV-HM76V0FL is an outstanding In-Vehicle solution for anything ranging from commercial to security issues. We have seen our clients using them on digital signage display and security IP surveillance cameras. The two key factors that allow for such high-performance graphic processing are the Intel HM76 mobile chipset and FCPGA 988 socket for 3rd generation Core i mobile computer platform.
2013年6月18日 星期二
Chip-scale atomic clocks
A portable atomic clock is just the ticket for many UAVs, and the more SWaP-optimized the better. The Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) fits the bill with the low power draw and accurate performance inherent in its design.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) began as tools for military surveillance. As their capabilities expanded, they found usage in civilian applications such as border patrols and drug interdiction, while on the military side the expanded capabilities led to missions using armed UAVs.Throughout their use, accurate clocks have been required for UAVs to carry out their missions. A principal need has been navigation; UAVs typically use a clock that has been synchronized to Global Positioning System (GPS) for very accurate timing. However, when the GPS signal is lost, the clock is used to provide a “holdover” function that integrates with a backup navigation system, usually some form of an Inertial Navigation System (INS). The clock’s holdover performance is important because, in military applications, GPS signal loss is sometimes due to intentional jamming, which can persist for long periods of time.
............
refer to
http://smallformfactors.com/articles/chip-scale-swap-design-challenges/#at_pco=cfd-1.0
............
refer to
http://smallformfactors.com/articles/chip-scale-swap-design-challenges/#at_pco=cfd-1.0
2013年5月7日 星期二
Networking Appliance with 3rd generation Core i
ANR-IB75N1/A/B is a rackmount platform (440x372x44mm) which can be installed in the 19” rack. It can carry a 3rd generation Intel Core i i3, i5, i7, or Pentium processors to deliver higher efficiency, increased processing throughput, and improved performance on applications. ANR-IB75N1/A/B also comes equipped with a maximum 16GB DDR3 memory and optional 2 or 4 x SFP and 8 x LAN ports. System Integrators can select different configurations for their network appliances. It offers the best P/P ratio in applications like the UTM, IDS/IPS, VPN, Firewall, Anti-Virus, Anti-Spam, RSA gateway, QoS, streaming.
ANR-IB75N1/A/B uses 80 Plus PSU which reduces energy consumption and helps protect the environment. The software and hardware configurable LAN bypass feature also prevents communication breaks due to power loss or system hang-ups. In addition to Intel long life support chipsets, ANR-IB75N1/A/B is designed with a long-term support of 5 years.
ANR-IB75N1/A/B is available now. For more information, please contact ACROSSER Technology, ACROSSER USA, and ACROSSER worldwide retailers in your area.
2013年5月1日 星期三
Virtualization trends in commercial computing ..
Virtualization trends in commercial computing offer benefits for cost, reliability, and security, but pose a challenge for military operators who need to visualize lossless imagery in real time. 10 GbE technology enables a standard zero client solution for viewing pixel-perfect C4ISR sensor and graphics information with near zero interactive latency.

For C4ISR systems, ready access to and sharing of visual information at any operator position can increase situational awareness and mission effectiveness. Operators utilize multiple information sources including computers and camera feeds, as well as high-fidelity radar and sonar imagery. Deterministic real-time interaction with remote computers and sensors is required to shorten decision loops and enable rapid actions.
A zero client represents the smallest hardware footprint available for manned positions in a distributed computing environment. Zero clients provide user access to remote computers through a networked remote desktop connection or virtual desktop infrastructure. Utilizing a 10 GbE media network for interconnecting multiple computers, sensors, and clients provides the real-time performance and image quality required for critical visualization operations.
.....
2013年4月23日 星期二
All-in-one gaming board with AMD Embedded G-Series T56N APU for casino and amusement applications
A new All-in-One Gaming Board, the AMB-A55EG1. AMB-A55EG1 features AMD Embedded G-Series T56N 1.65GHz dual-core APU, two DDR3-1333 SO-DIMM, which provides great computing and graphic performance is suitable for casino gaming and amusement applications. It is designed to comply with the most gaming regulations including GLI, BMM, and Comma 6A. AMB-A55EG1 is specifically designed to be a cost competitive solution for the entry-level gaming market.
AMB-A55EG1 utilizes the functions of an X86 platform, 72-pin Gaming I/O interface, intrusion detection and also various security options, and a complete line of Application Programming Interfaces to create smoother gaming development.
Key features of AMB-A55EG1:
● AMD Embedded G-Series T56N 1.65GHz dual-core APU
● 2 DDR3 SO-DIMM slot support to max 8GB
● 1 VGA port + 1 HDMI port
● 72-pin golden finger interface
● 256KB battery back-up SRAM with battery low monitor
● 2 ccTalk ports
● 1 Gigabit Ethernet port
● 6 USB ports
● 2 SATA ports + 1 mSATA port
● 2 Intrusion Detection door switches
● Hardware security by FPGA + PIC
● 5.1 channels with 2 channel amplifier (6W x 2)
● AMD Embedded G-Series T56N 1.65GHz dual-core APU
● 2 DDR3 SO-DIMM slot support to max 8GB
● 1 VGA port + 1 HDMI port
● 72-pin golden finger interface
● 256KB battery back-up SRAM with battery low monitor
● 2 ccTalk ports
● 1 Gigabit Ethernet port
● 6 USB ports
● 2 SATA ports + 1 mSATA port
● 2 Intrusion Detection door switches
● Hardware security by FPGA + PIC
● 5.1 channels with 2 channel amplifier (6W x 2)
Acrosser AMB-A55EG1 is powered by AMD low power G-Series T56N dual core platform that uses an AMD Radeon HD 6320 graphic controller. The DirectX® 11 support lets you enjoy awesome graphics performance, stunning 3D visual effects and dynamic interactivity. Discrete-level GPU with OpenGL 4.0 and OpenCL™ 1.1 support device provides the tools to build the designs of tomorrow, today.
In conclusion, AMB-A55EG1 bridges Acrosser’s innovated gaming solutions and AMD Embedded G-Series APU to bring the optimum combination of computing power, graphic performance, and gaming features. Acrosser supports all gaming products in Windows XP Pro, XP embedded and mainstream Linux operation system with complete software development kit (SDK). In addition, Acrosser’s gaming platforms have a minimum 5-year availability to fulfill the demand of long term supply in gaming industry.
For more information on AMB-A55EG1 or any other products, please contact your local Acrosser sales channel or logon to our website: www.acrosser.com
Product information:
http://www.acrosser.com/Products/Gaming-Platform/All-in-One-Gaming-Board/AMB-A55EG1/AMD-Embedded-G-Series-AMB-A55EG1.html
Contact:
http://www.acrosser.com/inquiry.html
http://www.acrosser.com/inquiry.html
2013年4月16日 星期二
The first big EDA event of the year is the Design and Verification Conference
This seems to be the year for milestone events in the EDA industry,
though calculations show some of the “anniversary” designations to be
premature. Nevertheless, the first big EDA event of the year is the
Design and Verification Conference (DVCon),
held in San Jose, CA every February. DVCon celebrated its 10th
anniversary this year, after a transformation from HDLcon in 2003, which
followed the earlier union of the VHDL International User’s Forum and International Verilog HDL Conference. Those predecessor conferences trace their origins back 25 years and 20 years, respectively.

.......
refer to : http://dsp-fpga.com/articles/looking-back-at-the-milestones-as-dac-50-approaches/
After DVCon, EDA marketers quickly turn to preparations for the June Design Automation Conference (DAC), perhaps with a warm-up at Design, Automation, and Test in
Europe (DATE) in March. DAC is the big show, however, and this year
marks the 50th such event (and its 49th anniversary). Phil Kaufman Award
winner Pat Pistilli received the EDA industry’s’ highest honor for his
pioneer work in creating DAC, which grew from his amusingly-named
Society to Help Avoid Redundant Effort (SHARE) conference in 1964.
Milestones
inevitably lead to some reflection, but also provide an opportunity to
look forward to what the future will bring. In our 2nd annual EDA Digest
Resource Guide, we will be asking EDA companies to share what they see
as the biggest challenges facing the industry in the next five years,
and how the industry will change to meet those challenges. Will future
innovations be able to match the impact of the greatest past
developments in EDA, which enabled the advances in electronics that we
benefit from today?
To
put that question in perspective, I’ve been developing a Top 10 list of
the most significant developments in the history of EDA, based on my
personal experiences over the course of my career. That doesn’t go back
quite as far as Pat Pistilli’s, but I have seen many of the major
developments in EDA first hand, going back to when I started as an IC
designer at Texas Instruments. (This was a few years after we stopped
cutting rubylith, in case you were wondering.)
We will also be conducting a survey of
readers, and will publish the results in the EDA Digest Resource guide
in time for DAC-50. To get things started, here are the first five EDA
breakthroughs on my list, roughly in historical order.
1.CALMA GRAPHIC DATA STATION
2.SPICE
3.THE LEVEL 28 TRANSISTOR MODEL, AND HSPICE
4.HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES: VERILOG AND VHDL
5.DESIGN COMPILER
6.ROUNDING OUT THE LIST
.......
refer to : http://dsp-fpga.com/articles/looking-back-at-the-milestones-as-dac-50-approaches/
2013年4月9日 星期二
MicroMax announced today...
MicroMax announced today it is exhibiting its M-Max 810 PR/MS3, an ATR-based system for avionics, at Embedded World 2013 in Nuremberg.
Sam Abarbanel, President of MicroMax, stated “Our newest addition to the M-Max line of rugged computers demonstrates MicroMax’s excellence at building tough machines for harsh environments. Our unique fully sealed fanless ATRenclosure is especially designed to house PC/104 form-factor boards. We proudly demonstrate this system at Embedded World as yet another example of our quality engineering and manufacturing abilities.”
The M-Max 810 PR/MS3 high-performance rugged industrial computer provides reliable operation in tough environments including transportation (ground, rail, air and marine), mining and processing applications. The fully-ruggedized ATR-type aluminum chassis is fanless and uses natural convection and conduction cooling in accordance with MIL-STD-810 standards. COTS technology components allow configuring the M-Max 810 family to comply with a wide variety of airborne, marine and ground vehicle applications. Providing shock and vibration protection, the Max 810 PR/MS3 can operate under extreme temperatures, dust and humidity. Delivering excellent performance comparable to high-end desktop systems, it also features excellent 2D and 3D graphics capabilities as well as hardware video decoding.
2013年4月1日 星期一
Busting three myths of chopper stabilization
Brushless DC (BLDC) motor manufacturers often think they need a chopper-stabilized magnetic sensor, but what they actually require is a high-sensitivity part. Joshua and Fred bust the three myths that have led designers to request latching sensors with chopper stabilization and explain why a high-sensitivity bipolar latching Hall effect sensor can increase BLDC motor efficiency.
Sensor manufacturers have historically achieved high
sensitivity in bipolar latching Hall effect sensors for BLDC motor applications
by using chopper stabilization, a technique used to mitigate sensitivity and
stability over temperature for a Hall element. As a result, chopper
stabilization has become synonymous with high sensitivity and stability in Hall
effect sensors.
Today, with new technologies and processes, magnetic sensor
manufacturers can achieve high sensitivity and magnetic stability without using
chopper stabilization. This translates into improved sensor performance in terms
of faster response time and better repeatability from
the sensor.
BLDC motors are highly efficient, delivering more energy per
unit compared to brush-type DC motors.
These motors are growing in popularity due to the world’s need for greater
energy efficiency. BLDC motors use electronic commutation versus mechanical
commutation in brush-type DC motors to control power distribution to the motor.
Latching Hall effect sensors measure the motor’s position, which is communicated
to the electronic controller to apply energy to the motor at the right time and
right orientation (see Figure 1). BLDC motors can be used in any application
that needs an efficient and quiet motor, ranging from robotics and portable medical equipment to
HVAC fans and appliances.
BLDC motor manufacturers have moved toward using
chopper-stabilized latching sensors for electronic commutation, but what is
actually required is a high-sensitivity part that is stable over its specified
temperature range. The following discussion will bust three myths that have led
designers to request chopper-stabilized bipolar latching Hall effect sensors
instead of choosing several other options that can more efficiently commutate
the motor.
refer: http://industrial-embedded.com/articles/busting-three-myths-chopper-stabilization/
ACROSSER has provided innovative embedded computer solutions and quality products to over thousands customers on helping them reduce the time-to-market to gain the higher competence and to win the market.
ACROSSER has provided innovative embedded computer solutions and quality products to over thousands customers on helping them reduce the time-to-market to gain the higher competence and to win the market.
2013年3月24日 星期日
Next-generation multicore SoC architectures
IT managers are under increasing pressure to boost network capacity and performance to cope with the data deluge. Networking systems are under a similar form of stress with their performance degrading as new capabilities are added in software. The solution to both needs is next-generation System-on-Chip (SoC) communications processors that combine multiple cores with multiple hardware acceleration engines.
The data deluge, with its massive growth in both mobile and enterprise network traffic, is driving substantial changes in the architectures of base stations, routers, gateways, and other networking systems. To maintain high performance as traffic volume and velocity continue to grow, next-generation communications processors combine multicore processors with specialized hardware acceleration engines in SoC ICs.
The following discussion examines the role of the SoC in today’s network infrastructures, as well as how the SoC will evolve in coming years. Before doing so, it is instructive to consider some of the trends driving this need.
refer:http://embedded-computing.com/articles/next-generation-architectures-tomorrows-communications-networks/
2013年3月11日 星期一
Performance management..
Given the increased complexity of processors and applications, the current generation of Operating Systems (OSs) focuses mostly on software integrity while partially neglecting the need to extract maximum performance out of the existing hardware.
Processors perform as well as OSs allow them to. A computing platform, embedded or otherwise, consists of not only physical resources – memory, CPU cores, peripherals, and buses – managed with some success by resource partitioning (virtualization), but also performance resources such as CPU cycles, clock speed, memory and I/O bandwidth, and main/cache memory space. These resources are managed by ancient methods like priority or time slices or not managed at all. As a result, processors are underutilized and consume too much energy, robbing them of their true performance potential.
refer:
2013年3月4日 星期一
Embedded virtualization in real-time, multiprocessor, multi-OS systems
Virtualization means different things to users with different types of applications. Most forms of virtualization employed in IT server environments aren't of interest to embedded system developers because they don't ensure that processing of time-critical tasks is deterministic. Instead, the way for single and multiprocessor platforms to support multiple operating environments while maintaining real-time responsiveness is to functionally partition processor resources so that they are controlled by specific operating environments, which run directly on the processor silicon rather than on virtual machine implementations.
The origin of embedded virtualization technology came about with the idea of creating an environment where a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) could work alongside a General-Purpose Operating System (GPOS) such as Microsoft Windows. Embedded virtualization creates a partitioned environment in which the two OSs and the applications on them run on a single platform as if they were running on two separate platforms. The advantages of doing this are clear: system cost and complexity can be reduced if fewer processing platforms are required to serve the application’s computing needs. Product reliability can be enhanced as well if systems can be built with fewer hardware elements.
Back in the early ’80s, machine builders saw the opportunity to leverage the PC platform to build control systems for their machines. The first such applications were relatively simple, and the focus was mainly to leverage available hardware that was substantially lower in cost than specialized control hardware.
As the PC evolved with the addition of Windows, numerous application software packages were introduced, driving a new standard of Human Machine Interface (HMI) with supporting graphic engines and software tools. Machine builders saw the opportunity to use Windows to create advanced HMIs that could simplify their machines’ setup, operation, and maintenance. However, Windows-based PCs could not be used for portions of an application involving time-critical control because Windows, by itself, isn’t an RTOS and is not capable of performing control functions with determinism. Hence, embedded system designers would typically add a real-time computer subsystem to the machine in addition to the PC to deliver a full suite of product functionality.
RTOS suppliers, on the other hand, have not had the resources to build the kind of graphic software tools and support that are available for Windows. A few saw the opportunity to couple their OSs to Windows in order to add RTOS functionality to Windows-based systems on a single computing platform.
The benefits of combining an RTOS with Windows on one machine were obvious for embedded systems OEMs, but the technical issues associated with doing that were very complex. Running two OSs on one computer wasn’t a new concept; it had been done 10 years before on mainframes with virtualization technology. That technology virtualized the whole computer platform, essentially creating an interface layer between the OSs and the hardware much like modern server virtualization technology does today.
The fundamental problem with this is that isolating the OS and application software from direct access to the hardware causes nondeterministic time delays when the application software needs to interact with its I/O. Real-time applications, however, must have direct access (sometimes called bare-metal access) to the devices that the applications need to control, so that the software can write or read data to and from the I/O devices in a timely, deterministic manner.
Embedded virtualization solves the multi-OS determinism problem
A method must be devised to partition the platform resources so that the RTOS can gain direct access to I/O and interrupts that are necessary for it to run an application deterministically. GPOSs like Windows do not allow a co-resident RTOS to control its I/O devices.
Instead, GPOSs typically take control of all available I/O on the platform during installation. Barring the option of modifying Windows, which would bring a whole new dimension of problems, a means of reserving I/O from Windows had to be devised. And since this was initially done back in the days of single-core processors (Figure 1), techniques had to be developed for the processor to switch context from the RTOS to the GPOS with minimum overhead. These are the principles of embedded virtualization, principles that have been validated in thousands of successful embedded system products.
Interprocess communication enables task coordination
Multiple OSs running applications in shared but separate environments create the need for applications to pass data to each other. This could easily be performed with a simple block of reserved memory, but would require some level of housekeeping by the applications and would be cumbersome to manage in real-time systems, where messages need to be delivered and read at particular times.
The communication process needs to be structured in such a way that message delivery occurs when expected to maintain determinism. Communication has to take into consideration the priority of the message with respect to the priority of other real-time tasks that are running at the time, so that the message will be delivered at the right time or in the right sequence. This is particularly important when the communication is between an application running in a non-real-time GPOS environment and an application running on an RTOS in a real-time environment. An unprioritized event must not be allowed to interrupt a prioritized task.
Multicore processors aid functional partitioning
The introduction of multicore processors caused some of the rules to change. In principle, processors no longer need to be shared. Each OS can have its own processor core (or multiple cores can be dedicated to a single OS); however, in practice, OSs such as Windows assume that all processor cores belong to them at installation.
Setting up a multicore system so that the GPOS is in control of some cores and not in control of others requires a way to tell the GPOS which cores are not available to it. With the proper means of resolving this, a four-core processor could support several configurations of GPOS:RTOS, including 3:1; 2:2, and 1:3 (see Figure 2). This flexibility allows the user to optimize the platform’scomputing resources depending on the application’s requirement. Whereas an application with a complex Windows portion and light real-time requirements could be configured with three cores running the GPOS application and one core running the RTOS, an application with multiple real-time control functions running simultaneously and communicating with a simple HMI might have one core dedicated to Windows and three to multiple instances of the RTOS.
With the possibility of running several RTOSs at the same time on a multicore processor, the communication system that was initially developed to communicate between the GPOS and the RTOS on a single shared processor can be extended to enable communication between multiple instances of the RTOS and GPOS. In theory the system architecture could be expanded to create a network of OSs talking to one another, each running application elements that are particularly suited to its own environment. As with the I/O needs of the system, the communications structure needs to maintain and support the real-time determinism requirements of the real-time subsystems.
Virtualization enables deterministic communication across platforms
One embedded virtualization environment that has proven itself in mission-critical applications is the INtime RTOS family from TenAsys Corporation. INtime’s embedded virtualization technology encapsulates the principle of partitioning the PC platform to enable Windows and the RTOS to run side by side. INtime facilitates deterministic communications between instances of the RTOS and Windows with a global object networking system called GOBSnet. This consists of a built-in communication network that allows multiple applications on separate OSs to communicate at the process level in a deterministic way.
Using Ethernet with an addressing scheme akin to that of a URL, GOBSnet was extended to enable separate system functional blocks, called nodes, to communicate deterministically with each other on the same multicore processor or across platforms that are physically distinct. In this manner, large and complex applications can be distributed across several nodes (see Figure 3), simplifying their creation, debugging, and optimization while leveraging the parallel processing capability of multicore processors. This allows OEMs to produce a range of products at different cost points or functionality levels by scaling the number of processors or processor cores that are employed.
Embedded virtualization techniques have been developed over more than a decade of use in real-time applications, but the full potential of these methods to revolutionize embedded system design is just now becoming clear with the advent of processors that include increasing numbers of CPU cores. Along with global object networking support, embedded virtualization is primed to become the standard way of building large multi-OS systems.
refer:
http://embedded-computing.com/articles/the-multiprocessor-multi-os-systems/#utm_source=Multicore%2Bmenu&utm_medium=text%2Blink&utm_campaign=articles
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